Introduction to Youth Language

Historical Roots and Contemporary Perspectives of Youth Language

The investigation of youth language as a linguistic research field is relatively new, although a distinct language of young people has existed in society for quite some time. In its early stages, it was often regarded as a kind of specialized language and, in some cases, even categorized as a professional language. This eventually led to the development of what is known as student language.

The scientific examination of student language began in the late 19th century. These studies show that youth language, in a historical context, already had specific features and social functions. At that time, students were predominantly young men from affluent families. They were in a phase of life where they were developing their own identity, which influenced their way of speaking. The university was a bubble for these young men, where they could unfold their own style. This style then spread to other young people, influencing youth language in society and laying the foundation for the exploration of youth language in later historical periods.

In contemporary times, the term «youth language» is defined much more broadly and no longer exclusively refers to students but includes young people from various educational backgrounds. However, defining the term «youth language» is complex, as both the concept of «youth» and «language» need to be considered. The term «youth» refers to individuals from around 12 or 13 years old, commonly known as teenagers, extending approximately to the age of 19. For this reason, researchers often advocate defining youth not solely based on age limits but rather by considering social, biological, and biographical factors. This means that the individual circumstances of young people should be examined more closely.

Youth Language Over Time

Youth language serves the role of a group language and functions as a means of communication. Young people are generally aware of their use of youth language and they use it as a means of differentiation, self-definition and identity formation. Youth language allows its speakers to communicate on an equal footing and is also used to gain recognition. In group conversations, young people often try to solidify their position in the group hierarchy and foster a sense of belonging through the use of youth language, such as through humorous expressions.

In youth language, numerous abbreviations, creative word combinations, and phrases that distinguish it from standard language can be found. A common characteristic of youth language is also the frequent use of borrowings from other languages. You will see that the vocabulary of youth language is, however, extremely transient, leading to a constant desire for fresh vocabulary.

Various areas such as music, fashion, and the media influence the vocabulary of youth language. Today, it is particularly influenced by the media, with certain stereotypes and aspects of youth language style being emphasized. In recent years, online communities and social media have gained importance for youth language and its evolution as young people increasingly communicate through digital media.

Complexity of Youth Language

Youth language plays the role of group language and functions as a means of communication. Young people are generally aware of their use of youth language. It serves them, for example, as a means of recognition, identification and identity.  Youth language allows those who use it to speak on an equal footing and is also used to gain recognition. In group conversations, youth often use youth language to solidify their position in the group hierarchy and promote a sense of belonging. This is done, for example, through humorous ways of speaking. The acceptance of youth language in society is an open debate. The evaluation of youth language can be positive in that it is perceived as an expression of youth culture and authenticity. However, it can also be viewed negatively if, for example, it is considered vulgar and unstructured. The prestige of youth language varies according to context, so there is no uniform opinion.

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